The atomic heats of titanium, zirconium and hafnium

The specific heats of the metals titanium, zirconium, and hafnium have been measured between 1.2 and 20°k. Values of γ, the electronic specific heat coefficient, have been determined for these metals M 8.5, 7.25 and 6.3 × 10−4 cal/mole deg2, while the corresponding values of the Debye θ in the continuum region are 430°, 310° and 261°. The variation of θ with temperature has been investigated, and it is shown that there is a similarity in this variation for all three elements when a suitably reduced scale of temperature is used.