Nystagmus Discordance with 2‐Dimensional Videonystagmography in Posterior Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

OBJECTIVE: The Dix-Hallpike test is a standard component of the videonystagmography test battery and can diagnose posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of discordant, equivocal, and concordant nystagmus tracings in active posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo when compared directly with the eye video. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review of patients diagnosed with posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo by 2-dimensional videonystagmography from August 1, 2007, to August 1, 2012. SETTING: A tertiary vestibular test laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-six adults (4 had bilateral involvement) with posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were included. A total of 100 videos with accompanying videonystagmography tracings were reviewed to determine nystagmus trajectory as well as globe position. Descriptive statistics were used to describe prevalence. Fisher exact test was used to compare proportions. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of cases involved benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the right posterior semicircular canal, while 38% involved the left posterior semicircular canal. The prevalence of discordant, equivocal, and concordant tracings was 65% (65/100), 29% (29/100), and 6% (6/100). All tracing errors involved the horizontal channel. There was no association between tracing accuracy and the ear of involvement or globe position (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Two-dimensional videonystagmography tracings are not reliable for identifying nystagmus trajectory in posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.