Parasites Associated with Lepidopterous Leaf Miners on Apple in Northeastern Wisconsin

An ecological study of arthropod species on apple in northeastern Wisconsin from 1959–1962 revealed that six species of lepidopterous leaf miners were present. The apple blotch leaf miner (ABLM), Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens), Parornix geminatella (Packard), and the apple leaf trumpet miner (ALTM), Tischeria malifoliella Clemens, were the most abundant species, in that order. Altogether, 25 species of parasites were reared from the leaf miners, 23 being associated with ABLM, 17 with P. geminatella, and 13 with ALTM. A eulophid, Sympiesis marylandensis Girault, was the most common parasite reared from the leaf miners. Overall, Parornix geminatella was the most heavily parasitized leaf miner, with parasitization ranging from 85.9 (1962)–93.7% (1961).