In the field mouse Mus booduga melatonin phase response curves (PRCs) have a different time course and wave form relative to light PRC

The phase shifting effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of the field mouse. Mus booduga was examined at various phases of the circadian cycle using single melatonin injections of two concentrations (10 mg/kg, high dose; and 1 mg/kg, low dose) and two phase response curves (PRCs) were constructed. A single dose of melatonin administered during the early subjective day evoked maximum phase delays, and during the late subjective night evoked phase advances in the locomotor activity rhythm. Other phases of the circadian cycle also responded to melatonin. The interval between circadian time 19 (CT19) and CT2 of the high dose melatonin PRC is marked by significant phase advances, whereas the interval between CT2 and 19 is marked by significant phase delays. A single dose of melatonin of strength 10 mg/kg was found to evoke phase shifts that were of comparable magnitude to those of the phase shifts evoked by natural daylight pulses. Control animals, treated with 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), did not respond with phase shifts significantly greater than zero. Significant differences between the shapes of the two melatonin PRCs exist. Further melatonin PRCs appear to have a different time course and wave form relative to light-induced PRC.