LONG‐STANDING AND TRAUMATIC LIGAMENT INJURIES AND MENISCAL RUPTURES OF THE CANINE STIFLE

Stifle joint lesions, especially in large dogs, have been recognized since 1899, but not until 1943 was a detailed study of meniscal lesions published. Further study led to the publication in 1952 of a major study that demonstrated that dogs with long‐standing injury of the stifle joint commonly displayed rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament, medial meniscal tear, and degenerative joint disease. From this study came the well‐known Paatsama operation. Treatment of cruciate ligament rupture has been done using new materials in the intervening years, but the same basic principles have been followed.