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Orographic Effects in Simulated Lake-Effect Snowstorms over Lake Michigan

Mark R. Hjelmfelt

Open publisher page 33 citations

Abstract

Numerical simulations of lake-effect snowstorms over Lake Michigan show that orography enhances precipitation rates and mesoscale updrafts and strengthens the land breeze. The mild orographic changes east of Lake Michigan as modeled with an 8-km horizontal grid are not sufficient to overcome the dominance of the lake-land temperature difference for any of the cases simulated. However, significant local effects are observed in areas of more prominent topographic features. These local effects are strongly affected by wind direction.

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What this paper is about

Numerical simulations of lake-effect snowstorms over Lake Michigan show that orography enhances precipitation rates and mesoscale updrafts and strengthens the land breeze. The mild orographic changes east of Lake Michigan as modeled with an 8-km horizontal grid are not sufficient to overcome the dominance of the lake-land temperature difference for any of the cases simulated. However, significant local effects are observed in areas of more prominent topographic features. These local effects are strongly affected by wind direction.

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Available abstract

Numerical simulations of lake-effect snowstorms over Lake Michigan show that orography enhances precipitation rates and mesoscale updrafts and strengthens the land breeze. The mild orographic changes east of Lake Michigan as modeled with an 8-km horizontal grid are not sufficient to overcome the dominance of the lake-land temperature difference for any of the cases simulated. However, significant local effects are observed in areas of more prominent topographic features. These local effects are strongly affected by wind direction.

Key concepts: Orography, Orographic lift, Mesoscale meteorology, Winter storm, Precipitation, Dominance (genetics), Environmental science, Climatology

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