Long‐term study of the biochemistry and biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament‐patellar tendon autografts in goats

This study examined the change in type-III collagen concentration and hydroxypyridinium crosslink density of anterior cruciate ligament-patellar tendon autografts and their correlations with Young's modulus of the anterior cruciate autografts and anterior cruciate controls for as long as 3 years after surgery. Fifteen adult female goats (two control and 13 experimental) were tested. Each experimental animal received an anterior cruciate ligament-patellar tendon autograft to the right knee. These animals were tested at 0 (n = 2), 6 (n = 2), 12 (n = 2), and 24 (n = 1) weeks and 1 (n = 3) and 3 (n = 3) years after surgery. After mechanical testing, the anterior cruciate autograft and control tissues were analysed for type-III collagen concentration and hydroxypyridinium crosslink density. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed a trend of initial increase in the percentage of type-III collagen in the anterior cruciate ligament autografts and a subsequent decrease after 24 weeks following surgery. There was a nonsignificant (p > 0.05) negative correlation between type-III collagen concentration and Young's modulus. The hydroxypyridinium crosslink density was highest at 1 year after surgery. There was a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between hydroxypyridinium crosslink density and Young's modulus in the anterior cruciate autografts and controls. This suggests that hydroxypyridinium crosslink density has a good linear relationship with the material strength of the anterior cruciate ligament autograft and hence could be used as an objective guide for rehabilitation with anterior cruciate autografts.