Respiratory monitoring, blood-gas measurement, oximetry, and pulse oximetry

Recent research in respiratory monitoring has stressed the limitations of current technologies. Although pulse oximetry is well established as a mainstay in oxygenation monitoring, continued reports of errors in clinical settings suggest that it should not be relied upon as a sole source of data. Similarly, expired-gas monitors are subject to errors of measurement and interpretation. There are a few reports of new or unproven technologies, such as intra-artenal blood-gas sensors.