Elastase as an indicator of silent genital tract infection in infertile men

Due to the absence of clinical symptoms, silent genital tract inflammation can be diagnosed only by laboratory tests. In this study we have evaluated seminal plasma elastase levels, using an immunoabsorbent assay, in a group of 84 infertile men. Seminal plasma levels of elastase were correlated with the number of white blood cells in the ejaculate, the number of peroxidase-positive leucocytes and with sperm culture. A high number of leucocytes (greater than 10) and a significantly higher number of men with peroxidase-stained leucocytes exceeding 10(6)/ml was found in a group of men with elastase levels greater than 250 ng/ml. There was a significant correlation between sperm culture results and elastase levels, most men with negative sperm culture having a lower seminal plasma elastase level. Following the treatment with antibiotics of men with an elevated elastase level, sperm parameters improved in 67% of those in whom elastase levels were lowered after treatment. In those men with persisting elevated levels of elastase improvement of sperm parameters was found in only 10%. It is concluded that an elevated level of elastase is a sensitive indicator of asymptomatic genital tract infection and that a single determination gives a reliable criterion and relatively exact quantification of infection.