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2015•The Astrophysical JournalOpen access

GAMMA-RAY FLARING ACTIVITY FROM THE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED BLAZAR PKS 1830–211 OBSERVED BYFermiLAT

A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Allafort, Mustafa A. Amin, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, R. D. Blandford, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, M. Brigida, R. Buehler, Daniel Bulmash, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. M. Conrad, R. Corbet, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, A. De Angelis, F. de Palma, C. D. Dermer, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, C. Favuzzi, J. Finke, W. B. Focke, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, I. A. Grenier, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, R. E. Hughes, Yoshiyuki Inoue, M. Jackson, T. Jogler, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, T. Kamae, J. Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Landé, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, M. N. Mazziotta, J. Méhault, P. F. Michelson, Tsunefumi Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, Rodrigo Nemmen, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, T. Ohsugi, D. Paneque, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, G. Pivato, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, L. C. Reyes, S. Ritz, C. Romoli, M. Roth, P. M. Saz Parkinson, C. Sgró, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Takahashi, Y. Takéuchi, Takaaki Tanaka, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, M. Tinivella, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, E. Troja, V. Tronconi, T. Usher, J. Vandenbroucke, V. Vasileiou, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, M. W. Werner, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood

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Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope routinely detects the MeV-peaked flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1830−211 ( z = 2.507). Its apparent isotropic γ-ray luminosity ( E > 100 MeV), averaged over ∼3 years of observations and peaking on 2010 October 14/15 at 2.9 × 10 50 erg s −1 , makes it among the brightest high-redshift Fermi blazars. No published model with a single lens can account for all of the observed characteristics of this complex system. Based on radio observations, one expects time-delayed variability to follow about 25 days after a primary flare, with flux about a factor of 1.5 less. Two large γ-ray flares of PKS 1830−211 have been detected by the LAT in the considered period, and no substantial evidence for such a delayed activity was found. This allows us to place a lower limit of about 6 on the γ-ray flux ratio between the two lensed images. Swift XRT observations from a dedicated Target of Opportunity program indicate a hard spectrum with no significant correlation of X-ray flux with the γ-ray variability. The spectral energy distribution can be modeled with inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons from the dusty torus. The implications of the LAT data in terms of variability, the lack of evident delayed flare events, and different radio and γ-ray flux ratios are discussed. Microlensing effects, absorption, size and location of the emitting regions, the complex mass distribution of the system, an energy-dependent inner structure of the source, and flux suppression by the lens galaxy for one image path may be considered as hypotheses for understanding our results.

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The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope routinely detects the MeV-peaked flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1830−211 ( z = 2.507). Its apparent isotropic γ-ray luminosity ( E > 100 MeV), averaged over ∼3 years of observations and peaking on 2010 October 14/15 at 2.9 × 10 50 erg s −1 , makes it among the brightest high-redshift Fermi blazars. No published model with a single lens can account for all of the observed characteristics of this complex system. Based on radio observations, one expects time-delayed variability to follow about 25 days after a primary flare, with flux about a factor of 1.5 less. Two large γ-ray flares of PKS 1830−211 have been detected by the LAT in the considered period, and no substantial evidence for such a delayed activity was found. This allows us to place a lower limit of about 6 on the γ-ray flux ratio between the two lensed images. Swift XRT observations from a dedicated Target of Opportunity program indicate a hard spectrum with no significant correlation of X-ray flux with the γ-ray variability. The spectral energy distribution can be modeled with inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons from the dusty torus. The implications of the LAT data in terms of variability, the lack of evident delayed flare events, and different radio and γ-ray flux ratios are discussed. Microlensing effects, absorption, size and location of the emitting regions, the complex mass distribution of the system, an energy-dependent inner structure of the source, and flux suppression by the lens galaxy for one image path may be considered as hypotheses for understanding our results.

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Available abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope routinely detects the MeV-peaked flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1830−211 ( z = 2.507). Its apparent isotropic γ-ray luminosity ( E > 100 MeV), averaged over ∼3 years of observations and peaking on 2010 October 14/15 at 2.9 × 10 50 erg s −1 , makes it among the brightest high-redshift Fermi blazars. No published model with a single lens can account for all of the observed characteristics of this complex system. Based on radio observations, one expects time-delayed variability to follow about 25 days after a primary flare, with flux about a factor of 1.5 less. Two large γ-ray flares of PKS 1830−211 have been detected by the LAT in the considered period, and no substantial evidence for such a delayed activity was found. This allows us to place a lower limit of about 6 on the γ-ray flux ratio between the two lensed images. Swift XRT observations from a dedicated Target of Opportunity program indicate a hard spectrum with no significant correlation of X-ray flux with the γ-ray variability. The spectral energy distribution can be modeled with inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons from the dusty torus. The implications of the LAT data in terms of variability, the lack of evident delayed flare events, and different radio and γ-ray flux ratios are discussed. Microlensing effects, absorption, size and location of the emitting regions, the complex mass distribution of the system, an energy-dependent inner structure of the source, and flux suppression by the lens galaxy for one image path may be considered as hypotheses for understanding our results.

Key concepts: Blazar, Physics, Astrophysics, Flare, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Quasar, Gamma ray, Redshift

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GAMMA-RAY FLARING ACTIVITY FROM THE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED BLAZAR PKS 1830–211 OBSERVED BYFermiLAT — Research Paper | ScholarLens