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Massless phases and confinement in extended Z(4) gauge theories

F C Alcaraz, Laurence J. Jacobs

Open publisher page 6 citations

Abstract

We analyze a general $Z(4)$ lattice gauge theory in four dimensions. The two-parameter model is shown to possess four distinct phases characterized by the behavior of Wilson loops carrying one or two units of flux. The appearance of a bifurcation in the phase plane just below the Wilson action is conjectured to be the precursor of the massless electro-dynamicslike phase seen in the larger-$N$ models.

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What this paper is about

We analyze a general $Z(4)$ lattice gauge theory in four dimensions. The two-parameter model is shown to possess four distinct phases characterized by the behavior of Wilson loops carrying one or two units of flux. The appearance of a bifurcation in the phase plane just below the Wilson action is conjectured to be the precursor of the massless electro-dynamicslike phase seen in the larger-$N$ models.

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OpenAlex reports 6 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.

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Available abstract

We analyze a general $Z(4)$ lattice gauge theory in four dimensions. The two-parameter model is shown to possess four distinct phases characterized by the behavior of Wilson loops carrying one or two units of flux. The appearance of a bifurcation in the phase plane just below the Wilson action is conjectured to be the precursor of the massless electro-dynamicslike phase seen in the larger-$N$ models.

Key concepts: Massless particle, Physics, Phase (matter), Mathematical physics, Quantum mechanics

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