A 15-year follow-up on psychotic symptoms in the non-demented elderly
Svante Östling, Ingmar Skoog
Abstract
Svante Östling, Ingmar Skoog
Abstract
Utilization of pasture forage by rotational grazing, strip grazing, and soiling, and the effect of these systems on milking dairy cows, was compared at Beltsville in 1954-56. Forage was produced on improved pasture typical of the area. Forage utilized per acre was measured as calculated TDN furnished to milking cows plus TDN removed as excess forage. Effect of the systems on the cows was measured by seasonal milk production and live weight changes.Average amounts of forage utilized per acre were essentially the same for the two grazing systems. These values were significantly greater for both grazing systems than for the soiling system.Neither milk production nor live weight changes per cow were significantly affected by the method of providing forage.The legume content of forage from all areas was rapidly reduced during an extended dry period and remained low during the remainder of the experiment.Conventional rotational grazing was distinctly the most desirable method of utilizing the forage produced under the conditions of this experiment, although it has been recognized that production of taller, more intensive crops and/or more wasteful management of rotational grazing, such as understocking or allowing forage to become more mature, will provide conditions offering a distinct advantage to strip grazing or soiling.
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Utilization of pasture forage by rotational grazing, strip grazing, and soiling, and the effect of these systems on milking dairy cows, was compared at Beltsville in 1954-56. Forage was produced on improved pasture typical of the area. Forage utilized per acre was measured as calculated TDN furnished to milking cows plus TDN removed as excess forage. Effect of the systems on the cows was measured by seasonal milk production and live weight changes.Average amounts of forage utilized per acre were essentially the same for the two grazing systems. These values were significantly greater for both grazing systems than for the soiling system.Neither milk production nor live weight changes per cow were significantly affected by the method of providing forage.The legume content of forage from all areas was rapidly reduced during an extended dry period and remained low during the remainder of the experiment.Conventional rotational grazing was distinctly the most desirable method of utilizing the forage produced under the conditions of this experiment, although it has been recognized that production of taller, more intensive crops and/or more wasteful management of rotational grazing, such as understocking or allowing forage to become more mature, will provide conditions offering a distinct advantage to strip grazing or soiling.
Key concepts: Grazing, Forage, Pasture, Milking, Acre, Agronomy, Environmental science, Animal science