2001•IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement MagazineOpen access

Thermal noise in a finite bandwidth

M. Vargas, R. Pallás-Areny

Abstract

In a practical circuit, the output noise due to the thermal noise of a resistor will depend on the actual transfer function of the noise source. The bandwidth will never be infinite because the transfer function of either the noise source or the device measuring the output noise will cause limitations. Consequently, the thermal noise voltage of a resistor in a finite bandwidth is maximum for a given resistor value. That maximum thermal noise voltage depends on the stop frequencies and decreases for both smaller and larger resistor values.

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Key concepts: Resistor, Noise temperature, Bandwidth (computing), Y-factor, Effective input noise temperature, Noise generator, Flicker noise, Noise (video)