Temperature Hysteresis in Shape Memory Alloys

The martensitic phase transformation which produces shape memory is connected with a hysteresis. Some of the applications of shape memory alloys require small hysteresis loops, other require large ones. It is therefore important to be able to control the size of the hysteresis. For that purpose three different methods were introduced in the present paper. Mechanical vibration narrowed the hysteresis loops in both NiTi and CuZnAl alloys up to 17%, while the width of the hysteresis loops in a NiTi alloy decreased 3 similar 4 times by addition of the third element Cu. With help of a special heat treatment a nearly hysteresis-free phase transformation occured in a Ti-51Ni(at.%) alloy. The size of the hysteresis is determined by the interfacial energies of the phase boundaries and these will be big, if the E-modulus and the lattice distortion are big.