DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF BEAUTY AND HOLISM IN IRAN MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE

Abstract. The final goal of this article is to explain the accurate meaning of beauty ,finding general criteria of these concepts ,and mixing and their concrete appearance in Islamic architecture ,in particular mosques .Since finding a unique and basic definition for beauty in Islamic art and architecture requires vast research and existing definitions in Western and Islamic  philosophy  ,art, and architecture are significantly different , this research tries to explain these concepts clearly . The concept of beauty which is the conflicts between beauty and excellence in Western contemporary art and architecture is one of extensive issues in that aestheticism development has been expressed in analysis of Middle ages and development process to Renaissance. Moreover, various solutions have also been proposed in western contemporary philosophy, art, and architecture for mixing beauty in which ugliness aestheticism of Peter Eisenman is one example; however, this aestheticism appears in different forms in architecture of mosques .Despite simultaneous attention to such concept, mosques have sometimes approached it, taking different forms. The method to reach the final goal is the method of theory to practice. In other words, initially, typology of Islamic and Western ideas of philosophers and mystics is studied concerning aestheticism and holism-oriented attitudes .Then mosque periodic typology is studied using philosophical principles and architectural criteria .Mosque architecture has evolved from  aestheticism development to comprehensive states of holism and beauty .This is what some of mystics such as Hafez have been underlying it .