Parathyroid Hormone and Polyhormones: Production and Export

Abstract The sections in this article are: Role of Extracellular Calcium–Sensing and Extracellular Calcium–Regulated Parathyroid Hormone Secretion in Mineral ion Homeostasis The G Protein–Coupled, Extracellular Calcium–Sensing Receptor Structure and Function Inherited Diseases Resulting from Receptor Mutations Mice with Targeted Disruption of the Receptor Are There Additional Receptors or Other Ion‐Sensing Receptors? Anatomy and Physiology of the Parathyroid Cell Morphology Secretory Pathway Physiological Control of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Extracellular Calcium and Other Factors Acute Regulation Additional Ionic Agonists Regulating Parathyroid Hormone Secretion via the Extracellular Calcium‐Sensing Receptor Other Ions Modulating Parathyroid Hormone secretion Rapid Actions of Vitamin D on Parathyroid Cells Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Catecholamines and Other Biogenic Amines Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Lipid Metabolites Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Peptides and Peptide Hormones Miscellaneous Factors Regulating Parathyroid Hormone Secretion Mechanisms Underlying the Acute Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Extracellular Calcium Regulation of Intracellular Degradation of Parathyroid Hormone Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Expression Chromosomal Localization and Organization of the Parathyroid Hormone Gene Effects of Extracellular Calcium Effects of Extracellular Phosphate Effects of Vitamin D Metabolites Parathyroid Hormone Regulation of Gene Expression by Steroids and Other Hormones Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Expression by Agents that Increase Intracellular Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Regulation of Overall Biosynthetic Activity of the Parathyroid Cell Regulation of Parathyroid Cellular Proliferation Effects of Extracellular Calcium Effects of Vitamin D Metabolites Effect of Extracellular Phosphate Effect of Growth Factors Circadian and Pulsatile Control of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion Circadian Variation Pulsatility Alterations in Circadian Rhythm and Pulsatility in Patients with Abnormal Parathyroid Function Secretion of Factors Other Than Parathyroid Hormone: Possible Autocrine/ Paracrine Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion Evidence for Autocrine Control of Parathyroid Function Secretion of Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein Secretion of Chromogranin A‐Derived Peptides Secretion of Other Peptides Secretion of Prostaglandins