Hungary in the 1980s : a historical review of social policy and urban level interventions

This social policy review paper, which uses both Bank and other sources, has two purposes. First, to better understand recent developments in the area of social policy, it presents an overview of the major socio-political, and economic changes that have taken place in Hungary, during the past 10-15 years, with emphasis on the causes, and manifestations of poverty. Second, it examines the factors that have led to significant changes in the social policy framework within the country, and assesses the extent to which sectoral initiatives affect the urban poor. This includes an examination of relevant initiatives that have been identified as directly, or indirectly targeted to assist in 'poverty alleviation' and consequently, are intended to contribute to urban poverty reduction. In this research, project social policy is defined holistically and inclusively. Its broad objective is the development of a just, equal and prosperous society. Its concern is more equitable wealth distribution, and poverty reduction through the active participation of different social groups in the satisfaction of both their economic, and social rights. This definition means that not only is it concerned with sectors usually defined as 'social', such as Education, Health, Social Welfare and Social Security, but also includes sectors more commonly identified as 'economic', such as Employment, or 'infrastructure' i.e., Housing, Water, Transportation Infrastructure and Services, and Electricity.