Exotic pests: major threats to forest health

Over 360 exotic forest insects and about 20 exotic diseases have become established in the U.S. Many of these organisms have become serious pests, causing great economic impacts and irreversible ecological harm. Despite efforts to exclude exotic species, forest insects and disease organisms continue to be introduced at a rather rapid rate. In the last few years, one disease organism and six forest insects have been introduced or discovered in the U.S. Some of these organisms have the potential to become serious pests. Preventing introductions of exotic organisms is a global problem that requires international cooperation. Rigorous quarantine protocols should be developed for all types of forest products, and monitoring progams are needed to detect new introductions. Lists of exotic species of quarantine significance should be developed to assist in assessing the risks of future introductions and in developing ways to prevent or eradicate exotic pests.