The Density Debate in Urban Research: An Alternative Approach to Representing Urban Structure and Form

Abstract Global aspirations for urban sustainability coincide with debate over urban form. Much of the debate centres on the merit of increasing residential densities across metropolitan areas. We argue that this focus on density is problematic. Specifically, we question whether urban density is a sufficient proxy for representing urban structure and form across large metropolitan areas, as was promulgated famously by Newman and Kenworthy some time ago. Our concern is that density tells us little about a neighbourhood's location, accessibility and design characters. Moreover, the focus on density may well be contributing to poorly located and designed development across metropolitan areas. Here we offer an alternative approach using a typology of urban structure and form to explore urban sustainability potential, specifically through three variables: transport mode choice, energy consumption, and water consumption. Our results are significant and suggest new approaches to urban form and structure in urban planning frameworks.