사과꽃의 방화곤충 및 방사한 화분매개곤충의 화분매개활동 특성

This study was examined the characteristics of the foraging activities of Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia cornifrons, and compared them with the effect of artificial pollination in apple orchards. Our surveys on visited pollinators on apple flowers for pollen and nectar found 3 orders, 7 families and 13 species during the apple blossoming period in spring, 2004. Of all insect visitors, 89% were in Order Hymenoptera, 7% in Order Lepidoptera and 4% in Order Diptera. The peak time of foraging of A. mellifera was 10:00, B. terrestris was 14:00 and O. cornifrons 14:00. About 50% of A. mellifera collected nectar exclusively, 47% pollen and 3% both. B. terrestris collected pollen only, whereas 78% of O. cornifrons collected both nectar and pollen. The rate of fruit set on terminal flowers was varied according to the pollinators with A. mellifera 40.9%, B. terrestris 26.8%, O. cornifrons 51.3% and artificial (hand) pollination 26.7%. The weight of individual fruit did not differ according to the pollinators, but the weight of marketable fruit was 30% higher than artificial (hand) pollination. Furthermore, if we take account the cost of labour for artificial pollination, the use of pollinators saves time and trowble of 93%, remarkably.