Individualized Behavioral Supports at 15 Years: It's Still Lonely at the Top

Positive behavior support (PBS) has evolved over the past 15 years from an individualized approach to behavior management to one with an increased focus on universal applications. Although there are clear areas of convergence between individualized and universal supports, it is also clear that the provision of individualized supports is an independent activity and an area where there is still much left to be accomplished. We assert that the research agenda is unfinished, crucial research-to-practice questions remain unresolved, and knowledge about the extent to which individualized PBSs are available is incomplete at best. We argue that individualized supports need to be a primary consideration in research and training, particularly as aspects of individualized supports are mandated considerations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Emphasis on individualized supports is important not only because they demonstrate promise but also because of their potential to protect the interests of individuals with severe disabilities.