Research of Optimal Experiment on Bridge Pier Types for Reducing Backwater

There are many kinds of commonly-used bridge pier types. This paper researches the selection principle and optimal type of the bridge pier types from the perspective of reducing backwater. This paper also tests and analyzes the high resistance water for different types of bridge pier under different flow velocities and conditions of water resistance ratio through establishment of a physical model of wide water channel. The result shows that, the bridge pier has an optimal profile curve, and the characteristic parameter (b’/L) is from 0.071 to 0.083; three kinds of commonly-used pier types – square pier, streamline pier and bicircular pier have different strength angles. If the angle between the axis of bridge pier and the water flow direction is less than 36°, it should give priority to the streamline pier; if the angle is greater than 36°, then it should give priority to the bicircular pier.