Oral melanoma in a domestic shorthair cat

Oral neoplasms account for 3 percent of all feline tumors, and of all oral neoplasms, melanomas represent only 3 percent. As this neoplasm is relatively rare, few studies exist to characterize its behavior including progression and prognosis in cats. The limited studies that are available detail malignant, rapid, and aggressive growth, with metastasis to local lymph nodes, bone, lungs, and the central nervous system early in the course of the disease. Because of the aggressive nature of these tumors, metastasis is commonly present at the time of diagnosis, or is detected within six months following presentation. Among the few studies performed in cats, this neoplasm is associated with a poor prognosis, with median survival of less than five months regardless of treatment options pursued.