Sedimentary characteristics and facies model of gravity flow deposits of Late Triassic Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin, NW China

Based on cores and logging data, and gravity flow theory, the sedimentary characteristics and facies model of gravity flow deposits in the Longdong area in southwestern Ordos Basin were analyzed. Five types of gravity flow deposits are recognized: slides, slumps, sandy debris flows, muddy debris flows and turbidity currents. Affected by multiple provenances, paleogeomorphology and triggering mechanisms jointly, the gravity flows resulted in sublacustrine fans and slump olistoliths in the basin center. Containing channels, the sublacustrine fans can be divided into three subfacies, inner fan, middle fan and outer fan and subdivided into six microfacies, main channel, main channel lateral margin, distributary channel, distributary channel lateral margin, inter-channel and sheeted turbidite sand. It is inferred that they are caused by seasonal floods. The slump olistoliths, with no channels, consist four parts: slide rock, slump rock, debris flow lobe and sheeted turbidite sand, and are inferred to be the product of collapse of break belts triggered by events like earthquakes. Combining facies models with types of gravity flow deposits can reveal the sedimentary characteristics and genetic models of gravity flow deposits in deep water more directly and provide theoretical basis for deep water oil and gas exploration.