Motive Dispositions of Students and Employed ubjects in Relation to Age and Gender

Multi-Motive Grid (MMG) is diagnostic tool to measure motives with respect to their hope and fear components. It combines features of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) with features of self-report questionnaires. Six motive scores can be calculated: hope of success and fear of failure for the achievement motive, hope of affiliation and fear of rejection for the affiliation motive, and hope of power and fear of power for the power motive. High achievers differentiate themselves from others by their desire to do things better. A high need to achieve is correlated with higher grades and higher levels of education (Schultz & Pomerantz, 1974). There is evidence that managers have high need for power and low need for achievement (McClelland & Burham, 1976), while high need for achievement would influence the self selection of an entrepreneurial position McClelland (1965). Numerous studies have shown a positive relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurship (i.e., Hornaday & Bunker, 1970; Hornaday & Aboud, 1971). Studies involving gender differences found that in total men placed more value on salary, individual achievement, motivation and directing others, whereas women emphasized good interpersonal relationships, interesting work, feelings opf accomplishment, and professional growth (Long, 1995).