Phytochemistry of the Meliaceae: so many terpenoids, so few insecticides.
Murray B. Isman, Hideyuki Matsuura, Shawna L. MacKinnon, Tony Durst, G. H. N. Towers, John T. Arnason, John T. Romeo, James A. Saunders, Patrícia S. Barbosa
Abstract
Murray B. Isman, Hideyuki Matsuura, Shawna L. MacKinnon, Tony Durst, G. H. N. Towers, John T. Arnason, John T. Romeo, James A. Saunders, Patrícia S. Barbosa
Abstract
Introduction 156 Neem Insecticides 156 Nature versus the Chemical Industry 157 Definitions 157 Some Properties of Antifeedants 158 Triterpenoid Chemistry of the Meliaceae 159 Structure-Activity Studies 160 Azadirachtin 160 Salannin 163 Toosendanin 165 Gedunin 166 Other Compounds Recently Isolated 168 Limonoids 168 Non-limonoid Insecticides 171 The Significance of Mixtures 171 Melia toosendan Studies 172 Neem (Azadirachta indica) Studies 172 Conclusion 174
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Introduction 156 Neem Insecticides 156 Nature versus the Chemical Industry 157 Definitions 157 Some Properties of Antifeedants 158 Triterpenoid Chemistry of the Meliaceae 159 Structure-Activity Studies 160 Azadirachtin 160 Salannin 163 Toosendanin 165 Gedunin 166 Other Compounds Recently Isolated 168 Limonoids 168 Non-limonoid Insecticides 171 The Significance of Mixtures 171 Melia toosendan Studies 172 Neem (Azadirachta indica) Studies 172 Conclusion 174
Key concepts: Meliaceae, Limonoid, Azadirachta, Azadirachtin, Terpenoid, Traditional medicine, Phytochemistry, Toxicology