The success of the X-33 depends on its technology—an overview

The success of the X‐33, and therefore the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program, is highly dependent on the maturity of the components and subsystems selected and the ability to verify their performance, cost, and operability goals. The success of the technology that will be developed to support these components and subsystems will be critical to developing an operationally efficient X‐33 that is traceable to a full‐scale RLV system. This paper will delineate the key objectives of each technology demonstration area and provide an assessment of its ability to meet the X‐33/RLV requirements. It is our intent to focus on these key technology areas to achieve the ambitious but achievable goals of the RLV and X‐33 programs. Based on our assessment of the X‐33 and RLV systems, we have focused on the performance verification and validation of the linear aerospike engine. This engine, first developed in the mid‐1960s, shows promise in achieving the RLV objectives. Equally critical to the engine selection is the development of cryogenic composite tanks and the associated health management system required to meet the operability goals. We are also developing a highly reusable form of thermal protection system based on years of hypersonic research and Space Shuttle experience. To meet the mass fraction goals, reduction in engine component weights will also be developed. Due to the high degree of operability required, we will investigate the use of real‐time integrated system health management and propulsion systems diagnostics, and mature the use of electromechanical actuators for highly reusable systems. The rapid turn‐around requirements will require an adaptive guidance, navigation, and control algorithm toolset, which is well underway. We envision our X‐33 and RLV to use mature, low‐risk technologies that will allow truly low‐cost access to space (Lockheed Martin Internal Document, 1995).