Melting CuO in BaTiO3-based System

A liquid phase formed from the melt of CuO has been demonstrated to appear at temperatures lower than 900° C in the BaTi1.01O3.02 system. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TGA) for BaTi1.01O3.02 with 1 wt% CuO added reveal an endothermic peak, starting at about 900° C and accompanied by a weight loss of about 0.12 wt%. The more CuO is added into BaTi1.01O3.02, the lower the temperature ranges of endothermic peaks and the more the weight loss will be. BaTi1.01O3.02 with CuO added can be densified at a temperature lower than 1100° C. The DTA and TGA curves for pure BaTiO3 with only CuO or with CuO and TiO2 each exhibit a shallow endothermic peak. These endothermic peaks begin at about 990° C and finish at about 1030° C, accompanied by an insignificant weight loss. CuO can also improve the densification of both pure BaTiO3 and pure BaTiO3 with TiO2 added at a temperature lower than 1250° C.