Simulation of Beam Loss in Rapid and Slow Cycling Synchrotrons

Simulation methods for a rapid cycling and a slow cycling synchrotron have to be different because of physics involved and practical computation time. We will show simulation results in each case. One is a full tracking of a rapid cycling synchrotron with acceleration and errors. That employs a self‐consistent space charge model. The other is a tracking of an injection period that lasts about a second in a slow cycling synchrotron. The so‐called frozen space charge model is a practical way to simulate such a long‐term behavior with space charge effects. We estimate the particle loss rate and discuss the behavior of lost particles.