Testing for Licensing and Certification Outside Education

What can educators learn from testing in and for noneducational occupations? In response to this question, I would like to share some of the lessons learned from, the studies of licensing and certification at the Center for Occupational and Professional Assessment, a unit of the Educational Testing Service. At the outset, however, it might be helpful to clarify the terms “licensing” and “certification” and how they relate to employment.