Adventitious Shoot Development from Leaf and Stem Explants of 'Amygdalus communis' L. cv. Yaltinski

In the present research effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus formation and adventitious shoot from different explants of Amygdalus communis L.cv. Yaltinski was investigated. Callus was initiated from leaf and stem explants on MS medium supplemented with four different auxin ( IAA, NAA, IBA and 2, 4-D) combined with BAP (1.0 mg l{-1}) under dark and light conditions. Among all the concentrations of auxin the best result from leaf explants was observed with the 1.0:1.0 and 2.0:1.0 NAA plus BAP treatments (90%, 88% respectively) under light conditions. Only non-embryogenic callus on leaf explants obtained in the concentrations (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg l{-1}) of auxin. The obtained calli from leaf explants cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of BAP (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 mg l{-1}) for adventitious shoot development. Calli showed some proliferation after it was transferred to the media, but did not show any embryogenic response. In our research, the highest callus induction (80%) was obtained on medium containing 1.0:1.0 2,4-D plus BAP, under the dark (7 days) conditions for stem explants. Moreover, at the same medium and under the same conditions embryogenic calli was obtained as well. Calli showed adventitious shoot development after it was transferred to medium containing 4.0 mg l{-1} BAP, but other concentrations of BAP ( 2.0, 6.0, 8.0 mg l{-1}) did not show any embryogenic response. The medium supplemented with 4.0:1.0 IAA plus BAP provided root development directly from the yaltinski stem explants under the dark conditions (7 days).