System Safety Engineering And Risk Assessment: A Practical Approach

INTRODUCTION Why Do We Need Safety Engineering? Is Safety Analysis? System Safety and Risk Assessment. A Brief History of Safety DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS The Make-up of an Accident. How Safe Is Safe Enough? Is a Hazard and Other Important Concepts. The System Safety Process. Hazard Identification. Hazard Control. Risk Acceptance. Hazard Reduction Precedence. Design out the Hazard. Safety Devices. Warning Devices. Special Procedures and Training. The Use of Standards in Safety. U.S. Government Standards. U.S. Industry Standards. International Standards. SAFETY ANALYSIS IN ENGINEERING--HOW IS IT USED? The Manufacturing Industry. The Chemical Process Industry. Aerospace and Military Industries. The Nuclear Power Industry. The Mass Transit Industry SAFETY MANAGEMENT Safety in the System Life Cycle. System Life Cycle. Safety and the System Life Cycle. Examples of Poor Application of Safety in the System Life Cycle. Organizational Management and Safety. Management Commitment. Suggested Ideas to Enhance Management Involvement. The System Safety Organization. Developing a System Safety Program. Elements of a System Safety Program. Setting up a System Safety Program. Evaluating Contractors and Subcontractors. Emergency Preparedness Programs. Common Mistakes in Implementing Safety Programs. A Closed-Loop Process. Hazard Tracking and Resolution. System Safety Reviews and Audits. Voluntary Protection Programs. HAZARD ANALYSIS Hazard Analysis Methodology. Preliminary Hazard List. Passenger-Carrying Submersible Example. Hazard Analysis--Preliminary, Subsystem, and System. Facility Hazard Analysis. Operations and Support Hazard Analysis. Examples of Hazard Analyses. Example Hazard Analysis of NASA Laser. Brief Example of a Hazardous Waste Storage Facility Hazard Analysis. PROCESS SAFETY ANALYSIS Process Hazard Analysis. HAZOP. What If? Analysis and Safety Checklists. Brief HAZOP Example of an Ammonia Fill Station. Example What If? Safety Checklist for Pressure Test Equipment. FAULT TREE ANALYSIS Fault Tree Symbols and Logic. Finding Cut Sets. Fault Tree Quantification. Example of a Fault Tree Construction of a Motor-Pump Pressure System. Common Mistakes in Fault Trees. FMECA, HUMAN FACTORS, AND SOFTWARE SAFETY Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis. Conducting a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis. Human Factors Safety Analysis. Performance and Human Error. Human Factors Safety Analysis. Brief Example of Human Factors Safety Analysis--Manual Switchover to Auxiliary Feedwater System. Software Safety. Software Safety Analysis. Software Testing and IV & V. OTHER TECHNIQUES MORT. Energy Trace Barrier Analysis. Sneak Circuit Analysis. Cause-Consequence Analysis. Dispersion Modeling. Test Safety. Comparing the Various Techniques. Advantages and Disadvantages DATA SOURCES AND TRAINING Government Data Banks. Industry Data Banks. Creating Your Own Data Bank--Some Suggestions. Safety Training. Employee Training. Emergency Preparedness and Response Training. Personnel Certification for Hazardous Operations. Sample Safety Training Course Outline for a Microprocessor Production Plant. Safety Awareness. ACCIDENT REPORTING, INVESTIGATION, AND DOCUMENTATION Reporting the Accident. Setting up a Closed-Loop Reporting System. Example of an Automated System. Forming an Investigation Board. Selecting the Investigation Board. Conducting the Investigation. Investigation Report. Documenting the Accident. Retention of Records. Public Release of Information RISK ASSESSMENT Is Risk? Risk Perception. Risk Assessment Methodology. Identifying Risk in a System. Risk Communication. RISK EVALUATION . A Probabilistic Approach. A Risk Analysis Model. Developing Accident Scenarios and Initiating Events. Event Trees. Consequences Determination. Uncertainty. Risk Evaluation--The Use of Risk Profiles. Calculating Safety Costs. Brief Example: Risk Assessment of Launching a Space Shuttle Payload APPENDICES Typical Energy Sources Generic Hazard Checklist Generic Facility Safety Checklist Internet Sources References and suggested reading recommendations follow most chapter.