Outer Synchronization of Simple Firefly Discrete Models in Coupled Networks

Synchronization is one of the most important emerging collective behaviors in nature, which results from the interaction in groups of organisms. In this paper, network synchronization of discrete-time dynamical systems is studied. In particular, network synchronization with fireflies oscillators like nodes is achieved by using complex systems theory. Different cases of interest on network synchronization are studied, including for a large number of fireflies oscillators; we consider synchronization in small-world networks and outer synchronization among different coupled networks topologies; for all presented cases, we provide appropriate ranges of values for coupling strength and extensive numerical simulations are included. In addition, for illustrative purposes, we show the effectiveness of network synchronization by means of experimental implementation of coupled nine electronics fireflies in different topologies.