2006•Unpublished venueRequires access

Trihalomethanes (THMs), Haloacetic Acids (HAAs), and Emerging Disinfection By‐products in Drinking Water

Christian Zwiener

Abstract

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Disinfection – Fields of Application Disinfection in Drinking Water Treatment Regulations European Union Germany United States Reactants Leading to DBP Formation Disinfectants Chlorine Chlorine Dioxide Ozone Chloramine Organic DBP Precursors Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Micropollutants Occurrence of DBPs Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Halogenated Acetic Acids (HAAs) German Drinking Water European Drinking Water Canadian Drinking Water United States Drinking Waters Emerging Organic DBPs Halonitriles Carbonyls Halogenated Hydroxyfuranones Halonitromethanes N-Nitrosamines Iodinated THMs and Acids Missing DBPs Transformation Products of Micropollutants Inorganic Disinfection By-products Chlorite and Chlorate Bromate Measures to Control DBPs Source Control Disinfection Control Conclusions Acknowledgments References

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Key concepts: Haloacetic acids, Bromate, Chlorine dioxide, Chloramine, Chemistry, Chlorine, Environmental chemistry, Chlorate