Coprocessing–An Evaluation of Chemical Reprocessing Without Plutonium Separation

The technical feasibility of a coprocessing concept involving recovery of all the actinides in the spent fuel as a product group has been analyzed. It has been shown that this can be accomplished by a simple modification of the Purex process. The recovered actinide product group can be reconstituted as a fuel for recycle in either light water reactors (LWRs) or liquid-metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBRs), either by addition of moderately enriched uranium for the LWR case or by controlled partial partitioning of uranium in the LMFBR case. Partial partitioning of uranium from a uranium-plutonium extract (that may contain other transuranics, especially neptunium) can be carried out under Purex process conditions that preclude separation of plutonium. A steady-state fuel composition is approached in eight cycles (40 yr) for the LWRs and five cycles (20 yr) for the LMFBRs. Potential for proliferation can be greatly reduced for subnational diversion since the plutonium is not separated from its actinide homologs, nor is the recovered actinide fuel fully decontaminated from fission products. The possibility of proliferation by national diversion can be impeded. Recycle of the actinides reduces, via transmutation, the cumulative amount of actinides produced, defers the bulk of the actinide waste disposal to the end of the useful fuel lifetime, and ameliorates the high-level waste management problem.