Implementation of Double Fortified Salt in India is based on Low Scientific Evidence

Micronutrient malnutrition (MNM) can affect all age groups, but young children and women of reproductive age are most at risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) and Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) are two important Public Health problems. Out of 342 districts surveyed, so far IDD is a major public health problem in 286 districts. No state in India is free from iodine deficiency (1). Iron Deficiency Anaemia is reported in about 70% of population across all age groups (2). The magnitude of Vitamin B12 deficiency is documented to be about 73.5% in adolescents (3) and Zinc deficiency is reported in about 49.4% amongst children (4). In addition, there are deficiencies of other micronutrients and minerals like Folic Acid, Vitamin D which are of public health concern. Fortification of food is one of three primary strategies to combat micronutrient deficiencies. Fortification is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) as the practice of deliberately increasing content of an essential micronutrient, i.e. Vitamins and minerals (including trace elements) in a food irrespective of whether nutrients were originally present in food before processing or not, so as to improve nutritional quality of food supply and to provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health”. Food fortification is one of most cost effective ways to make up for deficient vitamins and minerals in low quality diets. The edible salt is most widely used food vehicle for fortification with micronutrients (5). Fortification of salt with iodine, to prevent IDD, under National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, is in operation since 1962 (1). This intervention has led to significant prevention and control of IDD (6). Recently, technology has been developed for fortification of salt with iron and iodine commonly known as DFS, to simultaneously combat IDD and IDA (7-9).