Pedology. 1. Pedogenesis and classification.

I The Physicochemical Processes of Pedogenesis.- and definitions.- 1 Weathering and clay formation.- I General introduction.- II Geochemical weathering: total hydrolysis and neoformation of clay.- II Biochemical weathering: dominated by gradual hydrolysis and transformations.- IV Influence of environmental factors on weathering.- V Conclusion.- References.- 2 The dynamics of organic matter.- I Introduction.- II Biological humification: biochemical processes.- III The effect of environmental factors on biological humification.- IV The slow development of humic materials maturation.- V Classification of humus.- VI Conclusion.- References.- 3 The movement of material within soils.- I Introduction and definitions.- II Mechanisms of migration: eluviation and illuviation.- III Biogeochemical cycles and biological processes of upward movement.- IV Influence of environmental factors on the transport of material within soils.- V Conclusion.- References.- 4 General principles of the origin and development of soils.- I Soil development cycles: definitions.- II The time factor: determination of soil age.- III Effect of environmental factors on development cycles.- IV Study of long cycles.- V Conclusion.- References.- II Pedogenesis: The Basis of Soil Classification.- 5 Soil classification.- I General introduction.- II Criteria used in modern classifications.- III Definition and hierarchical position of taxonomic units: horizons.- IV The American classification (soil taxonomy).- V FAO classification.- VI The proposed environmental classification.- References.- 6 Immature soils and soils with little profile differentiation.- A Immature soils.- I General characters and classification.- II Immature climatic soils.- III Immature erosional soils.- IV Immature depositional soils.- B Unsaturated humic soils.- I Introduction.- II Rankers.- III Andosols.- References.- 7 Calcimagnesian soils.- I Introduction: general characters.- II Environment, morphology and biochemistry of the basic types.- III Formation of humus-carbonate complexes: biochemical and geochemical processes.- IV Development of calcimagnesian soils in temperate plainlands.- V Development of calcimagnesian soils at high altitude.- VI Classification of calcimagnesian soils: main types.- References.- 8 Soils with matured humus: isohumic soils and vertisols.- A Isohumic soils.- I General characters.- II Isohumic soils with saturated complex.- III Brunified isohumic soils: brunizems or phaeozems.- IV Fersiallitic isohumic soils.- V Soils of arid regions.- B Vertisols.- I General characters.- II Vertisol profile: environment, morphology, properties.- III Development of vertisols.- IV Main types of vertisols: problems of classification.- References.- 9 Brunified soils.- I Genral characters.- II Temperate brown soils.- III Temperate lessived soils.- IV Boreal lessived soils.- References.- 10 Podzolised soils.- I General characters.- II Podzolised soils with little or no hydromorphism.- III Hydromorphic podzolised soils.- References.- 11 Hydromorphic soils.- I General characters.- II Soils with perched water table of pluvial origin.- III Soils with a deep phreatic water table: gleys.- IV Organic hydromorphic soils: peats.- V Related hydromorphic soils: capillary absorption and impoverishment of materials rich in fine clays.- References.- 12 Sesquioxide-rich soils.- I General characters.- A Fersiallitic soils.- I The morphological and geochemical characters of fersiallitic profiles.- II The dynamics of fersiallitisation.- III Main types of fersiallitic soils: classification.- B Ferruginous soils.- I Profiles of ferruginous soils: morphological and geochemical characters.- II Development of ferruginous soils and ferrisols.- III Classification of ferruginous soils.- C Ferrallitic soils.- I General characters.- II The morphology and geochemistry of ferrallitic profiles.- III Physicochemical process of ferrallitisation.- IV Classification and main types of ferrallitic soils.- References.- 13 Salsodic soils.- I General characters.- II Study of salsodic profiles: environment, morphology, geochemistry.- III The dynamics of ionic equilibria.- IV Development of salsodic soils: role of environmental factors.- V Summary: classification of salsodic soils.- VI Properties and utilisation of salsodic soils.- References.