Medication‐Induced Movement Disorders

Neuroleptic (or antipsychotic) medications are the cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; yet, the side effects of these medications often limit their effectiveness. Among the most troubling adverse effects of antipsychotic medications are acute and chronic movement disorders. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of the major medication-induced movement disorders. Neuroleptic-induced dystonia, parkinsonism, and akathisia, along with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and medication-induced postural tremor are examined. In addition, the role of atypical antipsychotics in neuroleptic-induced movement disorders is discussed, i.e. in their possible pros (consistent evidence that they are associated with fewer movement disorder side effects than typical antipsychotics) and cons (nonmotor side effects that have become important safety issues with atypical agents).