Methods for Solving the Phase Problem

This chapter contains sections titled: Isomorphous Replacement Preparation of Heavy-Metal Derivatives Single Isomorphous Replacement Multiple Isomorphous Replacement Anomalous Scattering Theoretical Background Experimental Determination Breakdown of Friedel's Law Anomalous Difference Patterson Map Phasing Including Anomalous Scattering Information The Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffraction (MAD) Technique Determination of the Absolute Configuration Determination of Heavy-Atom Positions Vector Verification Procedures Direct Methods Phase Calculation Refinement of Heavy-Atom Parameters Protein Phases Maximum-Likelihood Parameter Refinement and Phase Calculation Cross-Phasing of Heavy-Atom Derivatives or Anomalous Dispersion Data Patterson Search Methods (Molecular Replacement) Rotation Function Locked Rotation Function Translation Function R-Factor and Correlation-Coefficient Translation Functions Patterson-Correlation Translation Function Phased Translation Function Computer Programs for Molecular Replacement