Surveillance des maladies vectorielles : méthodes, avantages et limites

Monitoring of vector-borne diseases : methods, strengths / weak point. Recent outbreaks of vector-borne diseases in France over the past decade have illustrated the need for efficient surveillance methods to monitor the onset and / or spread of these diseases. Epidemiological surveillance can detect the emergence of new or exotic diseases or monitor the epidemiological situation of an already established disease in an area to adapt control measures. Epidemiological surveillance can take many forms that can be combined to monitor a disease : Eventdriven surveillance (also called passive surveillance), programmed surveillance (or active surveillance) and syndromic surveillance. The specificities of the vector-borne diseases surveillance are based on the frequent complexity of their epidemiological cycles and the surveillance of the vectors. Entomological surveillance uses specific methods that are sometimes heavy and expensive to implement. It can track the geographical distribution of vectors, periods of vector activity, but due to a frequently low vector competence, usually cannot monitor diseases transmitted by these vectors.