Universal serial bus (USB) to universal interface using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to mimic traditional hardware [military aircraft testing applications]

Historically, whenever a unique digital interface was needed, a unique piece of hardware was created. In the field of loaders/verifiers this has often led to large, heavy, and expensive equipment to support aircraft platforms. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be used to create many different interfaces without the need for unique hardware. This paper explores the techniques used to develop interfaces using FPGAs and provides examples of how FPGAs have reduced the size, weight, and cost of flight line test equipment over the last nine years. FPGAs may also be used to implement some standard interfaces such as IEEE-488, RS-422 and PC parallel ports. The benefits and risks of using FPGAs for these standard interfaces are evaluated.