A Conceptual Tour About the Standard Cosmological Model

With the beginning of the XXIst century, a physical model of our Universe, usually called the Standard Cosmological Model (SCM), is reaching an important level of consolidation, based on accurate astrophysical data and also on theoretical developments. In this paper we review the interplay between the basic concepts and observations underlying this model. The SCM is a complex and beautiful building, recieving inputs from many branches of physics. Major topics reviewed are: General Relativity and the cosmological constant, the Cosmological Principle and Friedmann-Robertson-Walker-Lemaitre models, Hubble diagrams and dark energy, large scale structure and dark matter, the cosmic microwave background, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and inflation.