Cell-free Translation Systems

A disrupted cell is capable of synthesizing protein from amino acids depending upon the template RNA. This discovery, half a century ago, set the stage for biochemical studies on the gene expression process occurring in cells. The cell-free translation system successfully revealed the function of a number of key molecules participating in the translation system, such as ribosome, mRNA, tRNA, and protein factors and, moreover, elucidated the very complicated mechanism of protein synthesis. Although still frequently utilized in these experimental studies, cell-free translation is beginning to make a mark as an attractive tool for protein production as a potential alternative to an in vivo expression system. Moreover, the cell-free translation system is prospective as a method for the synthesis of protein with unnatural amino acids and for the selection of genotypes from peptide libraries.