Principles, practice, and policy in the management of New Zealand's marine recreational and commercial fisheries

Fisheries management in New Zealand has reached a turning point in its history. The concepts of Optimum Yield (OY) and fisheries management planning have been adopted to form the basis for the future management of New Zealand's marine fisheries. One implication of these innovations is that recreational fisheries now have the opportunity to feature more significantly in the overall management of the inshore fisheries. Optimum yield requires that recreational factors, among others, be considered when determining yield. Two purposes of Fisheries Management Plans (FMPs) are to promote and develop both recreational and commercial fisheries, and to allocate fish resources with reference to optimum yields. However, to ensure that the fish stocks will be allocated to each of the potential user-groups in a manner which reflects the best interests of society a number of issues must be addressed. A solid theoretical basis for management needs to be developed, for both recreational and commercial fishing. Essential to the development of such a theoretical framework is a comprehensive information and data base. Information is needed to determine the ecologic, economic and social benefits from fishing, to develop integrated models of fishing for use in long-term planning and policy development, and to ensure that management is both specific and effective. Meaningful allocations can only be made if they are based on comparable values. The theoretical basis for recreational, commercial and joint recreational and commercial fisheries is reviewed. Fisheries management in New Zealand is discussed and a number of implications for joint fishing management noted.