DETERMINING HOMINID HANDEDNESS IN LITHIC DEBITAGE: A REVIEW OF CURRENT METHODOLOGIES

Handedness is inextricably linked to brain lateralization and language in humans, and identifying handedness in the paleo-archaeological record is important for understanding hominid cognitive evolution. This study reports on experiments for identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage using three previously established methods: , and . A blind study was conducted on lithic debitage (n = 631) from Acheulean handaxes (n = 10) created by right- and left-handed subjects. Blinded handedness predictions for flakes were compared to their true handedness in order to assess each method's reliability. In order to test replicability, multiple observers classified a sample of flakes and inter-observer agreement was assessed. None of the methods were better than chance in predictive accuracy, and there were significant issues with inter-observer agreement. This study suggests that identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage is extremely difficult, but also that some existing methodological issues may have simple solutions; suggestions for future research on this topic are provided.