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Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy: Biochemical and Functional Alterations of Glomerular Basement Membrane and Mesangium

Benito Yard, Nicole F. van Det, Fokko J. van der Woude

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Abstract

In patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), the composition of the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane is changed. Accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens, laminin, fibronectin and decreased expression of heparan sulphate proteoglycens (HSPG) are amongst other prominent characteristics that can be observed in DN. These changes are likely to be a result of a complex interplay of different factors like hyperglycaemia, the local production of angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-β. HSPG expression may directly contribute to mesangial expansion. In this chapter biochemical and functional alteration of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium are discussed with emphasis on HSPG.

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What this paper is about

In patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), the composition of the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane is changed. Accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens, laminin, fibronectin and decreased expression of heparan sulphate proteoglycens (HSPG) are amongst other prominent characteristics that can be observed in DN. These changes are likely to be a result of a complex interplay of different factors like hyperglycaemia, the local production of angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-β. HSPG expression may directly contribute to mesangial expansion. In this chapter biochemical and functional alteration of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium are discussed with emphasis on HSPG.

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Available abstract

In patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), the composition of the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane is changed. Accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens, laminin, fibronectin and decreased expression of heparan sulphate proteoglycens (HSPG) are amongst other prominent characteristics that can be observed in DN. These changes are likely to be a result of a complex interplay of different factors like hyperglycaemia, the local production of angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-β. HSPG expression may directly contribute to mesangial expansion. In this chapter biochemical and functional alteration of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium are discussed with emphasis on HSPG.

Key concepts: Mesangium, Glomerular mesangium, Glomerular basement membrane, Diabetic nephropathy, Extracellular matrix, Basement membrane, Fibronectin, Laminin

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