2025•Unpublished venueOpen access

The Classroom and the Everyday: The Importance of Informal Learning for Formal Learning1

Alan W. Rogers

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Abstract

All education is learning, but not all learning is education. Formal learning takes place in an educational institution. Non-formal learning takes place outside of schools and changes depending on the individual. It is primarily self-directed. Informal learning occurs in everyday life and is not planned. This paper uses the image of the iceberg to illustrate this process: The tip of the iceberg is the conscious, formal learning, then comes the non-formal learning, but under the water there is a much larger part of informal learning.

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What this paper is about

All education is learning, but not all learning is education. Formal learning takes place in an educational institution. Non-formal learning takes place outside of schools and changes depending on the individual. It is primarily self-directed. Informal learning occurs in everyday life and is not planned. This paper uses the image of the iceberg to illustrate this process: The tip of the iceberg is the conscious, formal learning, then comes the non-formal learning, but under the water there is a much larger part of informal learning.

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Available abstract

All education is learning, but not all learning is education. Formal learning takes place in an educational institution. Non-formal learning takes place outside of schools and changes depending on the individual. It is primarily self-directed. Informal learning occurs in everyday life and is not planned. This paper uses the image of the iceberg to illustrate this process: The tip of the iceberg is the conscious, formal learning, then comes the non-formal learning, but under the water there is a much larger part of informal learning.

Key concepts: Formal learning, Informal learning, Informal education, Experiential learning, Formal education, Open learning, Active learning (machine learning), Learning sciences

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