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The Effects of Hydrogen on the Mechanical Properties and Fracture of Zr and Refractory Metals.

H.K. Birnbaum, Martin L. Grossbeck, Sophia Gahr

Abstract

The effect is reviewed with particular attention to the effects on fracture and ductility. The various mechanisms proposed for the hydrogen embrittlement of these metals are reviewed. Both the effects of hydrogen in solution and in the surrounding gas phase is considered. New results on the embrittlement of Nb and Nb-N alloys are presented and discussed relative to the generic embrittlement phenomena in these metals. The relation of the crack propagation mechanism to stress and temperatureinduced phase changes is discussed and a model of hydrogen embrittlement is put forth. (GRA)

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Key concepts: Hydrogen embrittlement, Embrittlement, Materials science, Hydrogen, Environmental stress fracture, Ductility (Earth science), Refractory metals, Metallurgy