Production of Bio‐Based Fuels: Bioethanol and Biodiesel

Biomass, including plants and plant derived material, forestry residue, waste from paper and pulp mills, animal manure, and urban wood waste, is considered to be a growing part of future sustainable energy sources. Biomass comes mainly from organic natural materials such as those mentioned, and trees, sewage, and agricultural waste, and is a huge source of green energy called biofuel. This energy has been used industrially and domestically for many years but the recent trend is toward production of green fuels using different advanced processing systems in a sustainable way. Biomass is becoming a booming industry since it is cheaper: there is a lot of organic waste around and it is effective for the sustainable bioenergy. The combination of climate change, depletion of natural resources, and scarcity of fossil fuels has forced us to find sustainable and viable solutions in the area of biofuels. As outlined in this chapter some biofuels can lead to substantial GHG emission reductions when compared to fossil fuels, although the level of savings varies widely according to the feedstock and production process. In this chapter science and technology for sustainable biofuel production and a cleaner world will be discussed.