Intracellular Messenger Substances: “Second Messengers”
Gerhard Krauss
Abstract
Gerhard Krauss
Abstract
General functions of intracellular messenger substances cAMP cGMP Metabolism of inositol phospholipids and inositol phosphate Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and release of Ca2+ Release of Ca2+ from Ca2+ storage Influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular region Removal and storage of Ca2+ Temporal and spatial changes in Ca2+ concentration Phosphatidyl inositol phosphate and PI3-kinase PI3-kinases The messenger substance PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 Functions of PtdIns(4,5)P2 Ca2+ as a signal molecule Calmodulin as a Ca2+ receptor Target proteins of Ca2+/calmodulin Other Ca2+ receptors Diacylglycerol as a signal molecule Other lipid messengers The NO signal molecule Reactivity and stability of NO Synthesis of NO Physiological functions and attack points of NO
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General functions of intracellular messenger substances cAMP cGMP Metabolism of inositol phospholipids and inositol phosphate Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and release of Ca2+ Release of Ca2+ from Ca2+ storage Influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular region Removal and storage of Ca2+ Temporal and spatial changes in Ca2+ concentration Phosphatidyl inositol phosphate and PI3-kinase PI3-kinases The messenger substance PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 Functions of PtdIns(4,5)P2 Ca2+ as a signal molecule Calmodulin as a Ca2+ receptor Target proteins of Ca2+/calmodulin Other Ca2+ receptors Diacylglycerol as a signal molecule Other lipid messengers The NO signal molecule Reactivity and stability of NO Synthesis of NO Physiological functions and attack points of NO
Key concepts: Second messenger system, Diacylglycerol kinase, Inositol, Inositol phosphate, Calmodulin, Extracellular, Intracellular, Inositol trisphosphate receptor